PCOD

PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease), also called PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is one of the most frequent reasons why women visit a gynaecologist, especially for issues related to periods, weight gain, skin problems, or difficulty getting pregnant.

What Happens in PCOD?

• The ovaries produce multiple small cysts (fluid-filled sacs)
• There is a hormonal imbalance – especially increased androgens (male hormones)
• This leads to irregular periods, delayed ovulation, and other symptoms

Common Symptoms of PCOD:

• Irregular or missed periods
• Excess facial/body hair (hirsutism)
• Acne and oily skin
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Hair thinning or scalp hair loss
• Difficulty conceiving (infertility)
• Mood swings or depression

Causes:

Exact cause is unclear, but risk factors include:

• Genetics (family history)
• Insulin resistance
• Unhealthy lifestyle (poor diet, lack of exercise)

How a Gynaecologist Helps:

1. Diagnosis – Through:

• Menstrual history
• Hormone blood tests
• Pelvic ultrasound (to check for cysts)

2. Treatment Options:

• Lifestyle changes: Healthy diet, regular exercise, weight loss
• Medications:
  Hormonal pills (to regulate periods)
  Metformin (for insulin resistance)
  Fertility medicines (if trying to conceive)
• Cosmetic treatments: For acne or excess hair

3. Fertility Support:

• Ovulation-inducing medications
• Advanced options like IUI/IVF if needed

Long-Term Risks of Untreated PCOD:

• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Endometrial (uterine) cancer
• Depression/anxiety