Cancer Screening

Cancer Screening involves regular tests and examinations to detect early signs of cancers in the female reproductive system—even before symptoms appear. Early detection improves treatment success and survival rates.

Common Gynaecological Cancers Screened:

• Cervical Cancer
• Breast Cancer
• Ovarian Cancer (limited screening available)
• Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer

Key Cancer Screening Tests:

• Pap Smear (Cervical Cancer): Collects cells from the cervix to detect precancerous or cancerous changes.
• HPV Test: Detects high-risk Human Papillomavirus strains that can cause cervical cancer.
• Breast Cancer Screening (Mammography): X-ray of the breasts.
• Breast Self-Examination / Clinical Breast Exam: Performed by self or doctor to check for lumps or changes.
• Transvaginal Ultrasound / CA-125 (Ovarian Cancer)
• Endometrial Biopsy / Ultrasound (Uterine Cancer): For women with postmenopausal bleeding or high risk (e.g., obesity, PCOS, family history)

Who Needs Cancer Screening?

All adult women, especially those:

• Over 21 years old
• With family history of cancer
• With HPV infection or early sexual activity
• Postmenopausal or experiencing abnormal bleeding
• On hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Benefits of Regular Screening:

• Detects cancer at an early, treatable stage
• Helps prevent cancer by finding precancerous changes
• Reduces mortality rates
• Promotes awareness and self-care

When to See a Gynaecologist:

• Never had a Pap smear or it’s overdue
• Have a family history of breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer
• Experience abnormal bleeding, discharge, or pain
• Want guidance on HPV vaccination or genetic testing (e.g., BRCA)