Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a gynaecological condition in which the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). This can cause the uterus to become enlarged, bulky, and painful, especially during periods.

A gynaecologist helps diagnose and manage adenomyosis through medical or surgical treatments depending on your age, symptoms, and fertility plans.

Causes of Adenomyosis:

Exact cause is unclear but may involve:

• Hormonal imbalance (estrogen-driven condition)
• Uterine trauma from surgery (C-section, D&C, etc.)
• Childbirth
• Inflammation in the uterus

Common Symptoms of Adenomyosis:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
• Severe menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea)
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Pain during intercourse
• Enlarged or tender uterus
• Bloating or feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen
• Fatigue due to anemia

Some women may have no symptoms and discover it incidentally during imaging or surgery.

How a Gynaecologist Diagnoses Adenomyosis:

• Pelvic examination – may reveal an enlarged, tender uterus
• Ultrasound – to detect bulky uterus or thickened uterine walls
• MRI – more accurate in detecting adenomyosis
• Histopathology – confirmed after hysterectomy (if done)

When to See a Gynaecologist:

• Severe, crampy periods that affect your routine
• Heavy bleeding or anemia
• Suspected fibroids not responding to treatment
• Fertility issues