Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common yet often painful condition where the tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus—on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, or other pelvic organs. It’s a chronic condition that can affect periods, fertility, and quality of life, and it’s typically managed by a gynaecologist.
What Happens in Endometriosis?
During your menstrual cycle:
- This abnormal tissue also thickens, breaks down, and bleeds—just like the uterine lining.
- But unlike normal menstrual blood, this blood has nowhere to go, leading to pain, inflammation, and scar tissue (adhesions).
Common Symptoms:
- Severe menstrual cramps (not relieved by regular painkillers)
- Pelvic pain (before and during periods, or even all month)
- Pain during or after sex
- Painful bowel movements or urination during periods
- Heavy or irregular periods
- Infertility or difficulty conceiving
- Fatigue, bloating, nausea
- Some women have no symptoms and it’s discovered only during infertility evaluations or laparoscopy.
How a Gynaecologist Diagnoses It:
- Detailed medical history and symptoms
- Pelvic exam
- Ultrasound or MRI (may suggest endometriomas/cysts)
- Diagnostic laparoscopy (minor surgery) is the gold standard for diagnosis
Treatment Options:
Depends on severity and whether you're trying to conceive.
1. Medications:
- Pain relief (NSAIDs like ibuprofen)
- Hormonal therapy (birth control pills, progesterone, GnRH agonists)
2. Surgery:
- Laparoscopic removal of endometriotic tissue
- Helps relieve pain and improve fertility
3. Fertility treatments (if needed):
- Ovulation induction, IUI, or IVF
Why See a Gynaecologist for Endometriosis?
- To confirm the diagnosis
- Get a tailored treatment plan
- Manage pain and fertility issues
- Prevent long-term complications like organ damage or infertility
