Ectopic Pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. It cannot continue as a normal pregnancy and requires prompt treatment to prevent complications.

Where Can an Ectopic Pregnancy Occur?

• Fallopian tubes (most common – tubal pregnancy)
• Ovary
• Cervix
• Abdominal cavity
• Cesarean scar (rare)

Symptoms of Ectopic Pregnancy:

• Sharp or stabbing lower abdominal or pelvic pain
• Vaginal spotting or bleeding
• Shoulder pain (from internal bleeding)
• Dizziness or fainting (sign of rupture)
• Missed period with positive pregnancy test

Risk Factors:

• Previous ectopic pregnancy
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Surgery on fallopian tubes
• Use of intrauterine device (IUD)
• Smoking
• Fertility treatments (e.g., IVF)

Diagnosis:

• Transvaginal ultrasound (to check if pregnancy is in the uterus)
• Blood tests (beta-hCG levels not rising as expected)

Recovery and Follow-Up:

• Regular monitoring of beta-hCG levels until they return to zero
• Rest and avoid strenuous activities
• Psychological support may be needed due to emotional impact

Future Fertility:

• Many women can conceive naturally after an ectopic pregnancy
• Close monitoring in future pregnancies is crucial to rule out recurrence
• IVF may be an option if both tubes are damaged/removed